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Monthly multifamily market intelligence

The Pierson Report

Monthly multifamily market intelligence for Denver, with Colorado, national, and global context. Published by NVest Analytics. Every figure is sourced and dated.
August 2026
Denver MSA. Multifamily
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The Week in Three Parts

How We Got Here

  • Denver's 2024 delivery record of 18,558 units drove rents down 6.2% year over year by Q3 2025, the trough for the cycle [150].
  • Nationally, construction fell to 3.5% of inventory, the lowest since 2013 [28].
  • Agency loan rates bottomed near 5.56% in early June [3] before the 10-year Treasury climbed from about 4.2% to 4.68% [1][14].
  • The Fed committee held rates at 3.50 to 3.75% on Jul 29, but three members voted to raise them [17][18].
  • Denver ranked tenth nationally in 2025 transactions: $3.1 billion across 60 properties and 12,368 units [121].

Where We Are Now

  • The turn is sharp: vacancy dropped from 6.84% to 5.74% in Q2, the lowest in more than a year [150].
  • Q2 absorption of 5,902 units, up 58% year over year, was nearly three times the 2,020 delivered [150].
  • Rents are still negative, -4.7% year over year (Matthews) or -3.6% (Yardi), but improving for three straight quarters [150][180].
  • Inflation is still above target: CPI 3.4% in July, PCE 3.7% in June [36][37]. SOFR is 3.65% [35].
  • Pricing: cap rates average about 5.6% [181], negative leverage of about 60 basis points against 6.20% agency debt [4].
  • Supply is collapsing: 15,493 units under construction, the lowest in at least five years; trailing completions down 43% to 9,201 [150].

Where We're Headed

  • Rates: futures markets price two quarter-point increases (Sep 16 and Dec) [18]. If they happen, agency fixed rates extrapolate to roughly 6.5 to 6.7% by year-end [1][4].
  • Supply: with absorption near three times deliveries and the pipeline at a five-year low, Denver's rent decline should end by early 2027 on the current pace [150][182].
  • Colorado job growth is forecast at 0.6% in 2026 (about 17,500 jobs) after 0.4% in 2025 [183]; metro population grew 1.1% to about 3.0 million [184].
  • Policy: 2026 Colorado landlord laws cap security deposits at one month and create a receivership mechanism for multifamily; long-time owners cite the rules as a reason to sell [185][186].
  • Net: Denver is the clearest inflection in the group. Fundamentals turned in Q2; pricing has not yet. Deals like Fox Hill at $209K per unit are being struck before rents recover [186].

What It Means for Denver

  1. The rate direction has flipped. Three Fed votes to raise rates and a 10-year Treasury at 4.68% mean the "wait for cuts" plan is over for 2026. Owners with loans maturing in 2026 or 2027 should model a refinance at 6.25 to 6.75% [1][17][18].
  2. The sharpest turn in the group. Vacancy down 110 basis points in one quarter to 5.74% on absorption nearly triple deliveries [150].
  3. Rents lag. Still -3.6 to -4.7% year over year but improving for three quarters; the 2027 crossover is the underwriting case [150][180].
  4. Pipeline at a five-year low. 15,493 units underway, completions down 43% [150].
  5. Regulation is pushing sellers. New 2026 landlord-tenant rules and receivership powers; Monarch sold Fox Hill after 28 years citing renter laws [185][186]. Property tax is flat in the 2026 intervening year [187].

Denver Multifamily

Denver is the sharpest inflection in the top 10. Vacancy fell from 6.84% to 5.74% in a single quarter as absorption ran nearly three times deliveries, and the construction pipeline is at a five-year low. Rents are still down 3.6 to 4.7% year over year, but the decline has narrowed for three straight quarters. Cap rates near 5.6% have not yet moved.

Average cap rate
5.6%
All classes; expected stable in 2026
Apartment Loan Store / JPMorgan [181]
Rent growth
-3.6 to -4.7%
Improving from -6.2% at the Q3 2025 trough
Yardi / Matthews [180][150]
Occupancy
94.26%
Up from 93.16% in Q1
Matthews Q2 2026 [150]
Population growth
+1.1%
Metro about 3.0M in 2025
Census via MacroTrends [184]

Denver Cap Rate Range by Asset Class

Where deals are clearing. Hover each range.
4%5%6%7% Class A 4.9 to 5.4% Class B 5.5 to 6% Class C 6.2 to 7% avg 5.6% debt 6.20%
Cap rate rangeMarket averageAgency loan rate
Sources: Apartment Loan Store [181]; Commercial Real Estate Direct [186]; Mile High CRE [188]. Class splits are interpolated around the published average.

Denver vs. National Fundamentals

Hover a bar. Negative means rents are falling.
Rent growth, year over year 0%-2%-4%+2% Denver -3.6 to -4.7% U.S. -1.1% Vacancy 0%5%10%15% Denver 5.7% U.S. 7.2 to 8.9%
DenverUnited States
Sources: Matthews [150]; Yardi Matrix [180]; Apartment List [25]; CBRE [26].

Supply Pipeline, U.S. and Denver

The delivery wave is ending.
MetricNationalDenverRead-through
Deliveries382,000 projected for 2026 [28]2,020 units in Q2; 9,201 trailing 12 months, down 43% [150]2024 record: 18,558 units
Under construction3.5% of inventory [28]15,493 units, lowest in at least five years [150]Well below the 10.02% of inventory peak in Q4 2022
Absorption vs. deliveries362K vs 358K, four quarters [27]5,902 absorbed vs. 2,020 delivered, Q2 [150]Absorption up 58% YoY
2026 outlookPeak then tighten [29]Fundamentals set to improve as supply cools [182]Cap rates stable in 2026 [181]
Supply pressure by submarketDowntown and RiNo carried the 2024 wave; suburban Golden and Aurora trading [186][188]Civic Lofts repriced at $30M as the market resets [188]
Price trend$253,968 per unit in 2025 sales [121]Repricing continues ahead of the rent recovery

Denver Submarket Snapshot

The largest cities in the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO metro. Rent and rent growth from Apartment List (Jul 2026); multifamily units permitted (buildings of 5+ units) from the Census Building Permits Survey. Permits lead construction by 12 to 24 months. Rows alphabetical; hover a row for detail.
SubmarketMedian rent
Apartment List, Jul 2026 [207]
Rent, year over year
Apartment List [207]
MF units permitted, 2025
Census BPS [208]
MF units permitted, 2026 through Jun
Census BPS [208]
2026 permit pace vs. 2025
annualized
Aurora$1,519-5.5%405210+4%
Broomfield$1,973-3.0%88019-96%
Castle Rock$1,696+0.4%00n/a, no 2025 permits
Commerce City$2,453-0.4%4430-100%
Englewood$1,452-4.2%420-100%
Golden$1,704-6.3%00n/a, no 2025 permits
Greenwood Village$1,996+0.5%00n/a, no 2025 permits
Lakewood$1,617-4.8%00n/a, no 2025 permits
Littleton$1,594-2.2%1,003422-16%
Northglenn$1,541-4.9%00n/a, no 2025 permits
Parker$1,914-3.6%8130-100%
Westminster$1,657-3.2%00n/a, no 2025 permits

Denver Transactions and Deal Flow

Denver is repricing ahead of its rent recovery. August's headline trade was Fox Hill in Golden at $209,150 per unit, sold by a 28-year owner who cited Colorado's new renter laws [186].

PropertySubmarketUnitsBuyer / SellerPrice / CapReported
Fox Hill ApartmentsGolden153Sierra Parkway Communities (Las Vegas); seller Monarch Investment and Management Group$32M; $209,150 per unitAug 13, 2026 [186]
Denver multi-housing communityDenverJLL-brokered sale$68.25M2026 [189]
Denver communityDenverSold by Vantage$72M2026 [190]
Civic LoftsDowntown DenverUndisclosed$30M2026 [188]

Multifamily Capital Markets

Agency lending (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) remains the workhorse: a combined $176 billion cap for 2026, half of which must go to affordable housing. Low-leverage agency loans price in the mid-to-high 5s as of Aug 24; higher-leverage quotes are in the low 6s. Bank bridge money runs SOFR plus 225 to 325 basis points, debt funds SOFR plus 300 to 450.

Agency Multifamily Rates, 2026 Trend

Freddie Mac indicative 5-year fixed. Hover the points.
6.4% 6.0% 5.6% 5.2% Jun 4 Jul 27 Aug 21 5.56% 5.70% 6.20%
Sources: Select Commercial [3]; Apartment Loan Store [4]. Different quote sources; treat as indicative.

Lending Landscape

Programs, caps, and terms relevant to Denver owners.
ItemCurrentSource
Agency 2026 purchase cap$88B each, $176B totalFHFA [5]
Mission-driven minimum50%FHFA [5]
Freddie Mac 5-year fixed, higher leverage (indicative)6.20%Aug 21 [4]
Fannie Mae 5 / 7 / 10-year, 65% LTV, 1.35x5.45-5.85% / 5.53-5.93% / 5.59-5.99%BWE, Aug 24 [40]
Freddie Mac 5 / 7 / 10-year, 60% LTV, 1.30x5.77-5.92% / 5.83-5.98% / 5.81-5.96%BWE, Aug 24 [40]
Max LTV / min DSCRUp to 80% LTV on small-balance loans; best pricing at 60 to 65% LTV and 1.30 to 1.35xSelect Commercial [3]; BWE [40]
Bridge floating, bank / balance sheetSOFR + 225 to 325 bp (about 5.9 to 6.9%)Crittenden [41]
Bridge floating, debt fundSOFR + 300 to 450 bp (about 6.6 to 8.1%)RRA Capital [42]
Multifamily rate range (all products)5.24% to 12.75%Janover [6]
30-year home mortgage (context)6.65%Freddie Mac PMMS, Aug 20 [7]

Colorado

Colorado's economy is growing slowly. The Leeds School of Business projects 0.6% job growth in 2026, about 17,500 jobs, after 0.4% in 2025, well short of the 1.2% economists expected a year earlier. Labor constraints are the stated reason. Metro Denver population grew 1.1%. The 2026 landlord-tenant laws are the operating change owners are reacting to.

Colorado job growth, 2025
0.4%
vs. 1.2% forecast a year earlier
CU Leeds Business Research [183]
2026 forecast
0.6%
About 17,500 jobs
CU Leeds [183]
Metro population, 2025
+1.1%
About 3.0M; +2.8% since 2020
Census via MacroTrends / Metro Denver EDC [184]
2026 landlord laws
In effect
Deposit cap, receivership, local enforcement
Spencer Fane [185]

Colorado Job Growth

Annual. Hover bars.
0%1%2% Colorado 2024 fcst 1.2% Colorado 2025 0.4% Colorado 2026 fcst 0.6% Texas 2026 fcst 2%
Sources: CU Leeds School of Business Colorado Business Review [183]; Dallas Fed [9].

State-Level Operating Factors

Costs and policy that hit Denver net operating income directly.
FactorStatusRead-through
Property insuranceHail and wildfire exposure keep Colorado premiums among the fastest-rising in the WestModel renewals at double-digit increases
Property tax2026 is an intervening year: values based on the period ending June 30, 2024 and generally flat [187]Next revaluation 2027; post-Gallagher split assessment rates
Population and migrationMetro about 3.0M in 2025, +1.1%; +2.8% since 2020 [184]Immigration-driven; domestic migration slowing
RegulationHB25-1249 deposit cap and SB25-020 enforcement and receivership powers effective 2025 to 2026 [185]Long-time owners citing the rules as a reason to sell [186]
Peer metros (Q2 2026)Phoenix vacancy 11.3%, rents -2.2% [95]. Seattle vacancy 6.7% [122]. DFW rents -1.6 to -2.1% [22]Denver has the weakest rents and the strongest quarterly absorption of the group

National Rates and the Fed

The Fed held at 3.50 to 3.75% in July with an unusual three-member vote in favor of raising. Markets are now pricing two quarter-point increases, September and December. The 10-year Treasury finished Aug 14 at 4.68%.

10-Year Treasury
4.68%
Up from about 4.2% earlier in 2026
U.S. Treasury, Aug 14 [1]
Fed Funds Target
3.50 to 3.75%
Held Jul 29. Three votes to raise
Federal Reserve [17]
SOFR
3.65%
Aug 21. Up from 3.61% in June
NY Fed / FRED, Aug 21 [2][35]
Next Fed Meeting
Sep 15 to 16
Market pricing a quarter-point increase
Federal Reserve [17]; CNBC [18]
CPI / PCE
3.4% / 3.7%
Jul CPI 3.4% (core 2.5%). Jun PCE 3.7% (core 3.3%)
BLS, Aug 12 [36]; BEA, Jul 30 [37]

The Rate Stack: How a Denver Loan Gets Priced

Stacked from the Fed's policy rate up to what a borrower actually pays. Hover each layer.
Fed Funds midpoint 3.625% +1.05% +1.52% spread 10-year Treasury 4.68% Agency 5-year 6.20% 0%
Policy rate (Treasury)Term premium (Treasury)Lender spreadAll-in loan rate
Sources: Federal Reserve [17]; U.S. Treasury [1]; Select Commercial / Apartment Loan Store (Aug 21) [3][4]. Decomposition is illustrative; spreads vary by leverage, term, and borrower.

10-Year Treasury vs. 30-Year Mortgage Rate, 1980 to today

Why apartments rent: the mortgage rate sets the cost of buying a house, and the gap between it and the Treasury is the part of that cost the market has added since 2022. Monthly averages, percent. Lower panel: mortgage rate minus Treasury, in percentage points. Hover for any month.
10-Year Treasury
4.70%
Daily close, 2026-08-24
FRED DGS10 [205]
30-Year Mortgage
6.65%
Freddie Mac PMMS, week of 2026-08-20
FRED MORTGAGE30US [206]
Spread, latest month
1.99 pts
1980 to date average 1.84 pts
FRED, monthly averages [205][206]
0%4%8%12%16%024198019841988199219962000200420082012201620202024 Spread, percentage points
30-year fixed mortgage (Freddie Mac)10-year TreasurySpread
Sources: FRED series DGS10 [205] and MORTGAGE30US [206], monthly averages of daily and weekly data, refreshed each build (2026-08-26).

Global Backdrop

Global bond yields moved higher this month as traders scaled back expectations for 2026 rate cuts. Energy prices are elevated on Strait of Hormuz supply risk, which adds to inflation.

10-Year Government Bond Yields

Where the U.S. sits vs. peers. Hover a bar for context.
0% 2% 4% 6% United States 4.68% United Kingdom ~4.6% Germany ~2.9% Japan 2.88%
Sources: ETF Trends / U.S. Treasury (Aug 14) [1]; Trading Economics [14]; FXStreet [15]; Euronews (Aug 17) [39]. UK and Germany approximate.

Global Policy and Risk Snapshot

Central-bank posture and macro risks that feed into Denver borrowing costs.
FactorStatusWhy Denver cares
European Central BankOn hold. Virtually no further cuts pricedKeeps global yields anchored higher
Bank of EnglandExpected quarter-point cut to 4.00%Gilt yields still rising, an inflation worry
Bank of JapanJGB 10-year at 2.88%, highest since 1996 [39]Less Japanese demand for Treasuries, so higher U.S. yields
Oil and energyElevated Hormuz supply riskMinus for inflation and Fed posture; no local energy offset
U.S. dollarIndex 98.55 on Aug 22, lowest since May; down 2.5% over the month [38]A weaker dollar makes U.S. property cheaper for foreign buyers
Sources: Trading Economics [14]; FXStreet [15]; Business Standard / Reuters [16].

Sources

Show the 46 sources cited in this edition
  1. ETF Trends: Treasury Yields Snapshot: August 14, 2026; U.S. Treasury: Daily Par Yield Curve
  2. FRED: Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR); DGS10
  3. Select Commercial: Freddie Mac Multifamily Loan Rates (7/27/2026)
  4. Apartment Loan Store: Multifamily Loan Rates 08/21/2026
  5. FHFA: 2026 Multifamily Loan Purchase Caps
  6. Janover: Multifamily Mortgage Rates
  7. Freddie Mac: Primary Mortgage Market Survey
  8. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas: Texas employment forecast strengthens (Jul 17, 2026)
  9. Trading Economics: Global Bond Selloff Deepens on 2026 Rate Repricing
  10. FXStreet: EUR/GBP ahead of BoE decision
  11. Business Standard / Reuters: Oil price and bonds
  12. Federal Reserve: FOMC Minutes, July 28 to 29, 2026
  13. CNBC: Divided Fed holds interest rates steady (Jul 29, 2026); Cambridge Currencies: Next FOMC 16 Sept 2026
  14. CRE Daily: Dallas Multifamily Rents Slide in 2026
  15. Apartment List: National Rent Report
  16. CBRE: Q1 2026 U.S. Multifamily Figures
  17. Cushman and Wakefield: U.S. Multifamily MarketBeat
  18. Apartments.com: The Supply Slowdown: 2026 Multifamily Outlook
  19. NAHB: Multifamily Market Expected to Cool in 2026
  20. Federal Reserve Bank of New York via FRED: SOFR, Aug 21, 2026; global-rates.com: Current SOFR
  21. BLS: Consumer Price Index, July 2026; CNBC: CPI report July 2026
  22. BEA: Personal Income and Outlays, June 2026; Advisor Perspectives: Core PCE 3.3% in June
  23. Vantage Markets: US Dollar Index falls to 98.55 (Aug 22, 2026); Trading Economics: U.S. Dollar
  24. Euronews: Japan's 10-year bond yield hits a 30-year high (Aug 17, 2026); Trading Economics: Japan 10-year yield
  25. BWE: Market Rates, as of Aug 24, 2026 (Fannie Mae DUS and Freddie Mac conventional fixed-rate ranges by term)
  26. The Crittenden Report: Bridge lenders are flocking to multifamily
  27. RRA Capital: The bridge lending market floodgates will open in 2026
  28. Kidder Mathews: Phoenix Multifamily Market Report Q2 2026
  29. Multi-Housing News / Yardi Matrix: Top 10 Markets for Multifamily Transactions (2025 data; Mar 11, 2026)
  30. Kidder Mathews: Seattle Multifamily Market Report Q2 2026
  31. Matthews: Denver Multifamily Market Report Q2 2026
  32. Yardi Matrix: Denver Multifamily Market Report, June 2026
  33. Apartment Loan Store: Cap rates in Denver; JPMorgan Chase: Denver Multifamily Market Outlook
  34. Northmarq: Denver multifamily strengthens as supply cools
  35. CU Leeds School of Business: Colorado's economic forecast 2026; CPR: Colorado forecast to add more jobs next year
  36. MacroTrends (Census data): Denver metro population; Metro Denver EDC: Population
  37. Spencer Fane: 2025-2026 Colorado landlord-tenant updates
  38. Commercial Real Estate Direct: Denver-area apartment property sells for $32M (Aug 13, 2026); Hoodline: Monarch sells Fox Hill after 28 years
  39. Colorado Division of Property Taxation: Understanding property taxes in Colorado; Usaj Realty: 2026 tax bill guide
  40. Mile High CRE: Civic Lofts trades for $30M as Denver repricing continues; Luxury community fetches $56M
  41. JLL: $68.25M sale of Denver multi-housing community closes
  42. Multi-Housing News: Vantage sells Denver community for $72M
  43. Community Impact: Bryan Planning and Zoning advances two apartment projects (Aug 2026)
  44. FRED (Census data): Resident population, College Station-Bryan MSA; Brazos County
  45. Apartment List Research: Data and rent estimates downloads (city-level rent estimates, rent growth year over year, and vacancy index; monthly)
  46. U.S. Census Bureau: Building Permits Survey, place-level monthly and annual files (units authorized in buildings with 5 or more units)
Disclosures. Compiled Aug 24, 2026 from publicly available sources; figures are as reported by each source on the date shown and have not been independently verified. Where sources conflict, the range is shown. Items marked "Data unavailable" were not published or not captured in the period. Not investment advice.
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